GREECE DESTINATIONS -  KOS

Kos History
According to Greek mythology, Kos is the sacred land of Asclepius, the god of healing.

After his death in 357, the inhabitants of Kos built the Asklepeion in his honour and in honour of the god Asklepios.

It was used as a hospital, welcoming patients from all over the Mediterranean, with doctors who applied the therapeutic methods of Hippocrates.

During the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), Kos was an ally of Athens. That is why the island had to pay a high tribute when the

Kos became a part of the Eastern colony of the Roman Empire after 82 BC.

Archaeological finds prove that this island has been inhabited since prehistoric times.

The Minoans settled on the island around the 14th century BC, followed by the Achaeans and, a few centuries later, the Dorians came and built the ancient city of Kos. The Persians conquered the island of Kos during the 5th century BC, but were defeated by the Athenians who took control of the island during the battle of Salamina.

460 BC is the year during which Hippocrates, the father of Medicine and founder of the first School of Medicine, was born.

Spartians invaded it in 411 BC. In 394 BC, Kos became again an ally with Athens and democracy was introduced on Kos.

This period was characterized by a cultural, educational and economical growth.

In 335 BC, the island of Kos became a part of the Macedonian Empire. After the death of Alexander the Great, his successors the Ptolemies took control of the island and of the rest of the Dodecanese.

The Byzantine period brought prosperity and wealth on Kos, unfortunately threatened by the constant pirate raids of which the most dangerous were the attacks of the Saracens.
In 1204 AD, the Venetians occupied the island of Kos. The Knights of Saint John, who established on Rhodes, also took the control of Kos in 1315 AD.

A century later, they built the superb fortress that stands today at the entrance of the harbour of Kos as well as the Castle of Antimachia village.

In 1522, the Turks took the island and held it until 1912, when the Italian troupes invaded Kos and expelled them.

The disastrous earthquake of 1934 almost destroyed the whole island. The Germans replaced the Italians in 1943.

The German occupation was a very dark period for the inhabitants of Kos who endured great suffering and deprivations. he nightmare ended in 1945 when Kos came under British rule.

Finally, on the 7th of March 1948, Kos got united to the newly built Greek State.


Kos
Lovely beaches, pretty villages, interesting sights and a GREAT nightlife: what more can one ask from a holiday resort. This is considered one of the hottest party islands, but it has much, much more to offer than that.

A green, lush island, Kos is an island of many choices where you either can spend your whole holiday on a quiet beach in a laid-back village or party all night in the many bars and clubs. There is so much to see that a week or two just won't do, and that's one of the reasons people keep coming back to the island of Hippocrates.

The island has been quite rich ever since ancient times, with the exception of times of enslavement under the Turks and several pirate attacks. The fertile soil have blessed the locals with grapes for wine, wheat, fruits and olives as well as obsidian and rich fishing waters.

History
Mythology has it that the three giants Phoebos, Kinnas and Kios fled to this island after they had been defeated at the great battle of the gods and the Titans. Heracles supposedly stayed here for a while after he had performed his 12 labours. His ship had sunk on his way home, and he managed to swim to Kos, where he met the angry shepherd Andagoras whom he fought for many hours. He then sought refuge in the mountains since king Eurypilos had ordered his arrest, but managed to capture the king's daughter Chalkiope, with whom he had Thessalos, future king Of Leros and Nissyros.

The king of the Carians led his people to the island sometime in the 2nd Millennium BC, and this people from Asia Minor are traditionally considered to have been one of the first settlers on this island. They were succeeded by the Minoans, Cretans, and then, in the 10th century BC, the Dorians arrived. At this time, the island was called Meropida.

The people of Kos were forced to doing Persian forces against Greece in the 5th century BC, but that changed after the Persians were defeated at the battle of Salamis. After that, Kos was a full member of the Delian League and the island was prospering under its democratic constitution.

From an early stage, the god of medicine, Asclepius, was worshipped here, and pilgrims from all over came to his temple to go through cleansing rituals, sleep in the temple, and be cured. It is no coincidence that the father of medicine, Hippocrates, was born here.

In the 4th century BC Kos joined sides with the Macedonians, and the Romans conquered the island in the 2nd century BC. St. Paul the Apostle visited the island on one of his missions, and some of the earliest churches of Greece were built here - you can still see the ruins of a couple of the, Unfortunately most ancient and Christian buildings were destroyed in a big earthquake in AD 535.

With the exception of many pirate raids, Kos flourished during the Byzantine era . The Genuans and Venetians ruled the island in the 12th century, but it came under the command of the Knights of Rhodes in 1315, who taxed the locals heavily.

The Turks occupied the island in 1522, and massacres and harsh treatment of the people followed. Kos was given to Italy in 1912, and freed in 1948

What to See: Starting with the capital, Kos, there is an interesting archaeological museum, the Kastro from the 13th century, where the knights of St. John had a stronghold, the plane of Hippocrates where he supposedly taught and read, as well as the Mosque of Gazi Hassan Pasha from 1786.

There is also an archaeological excavation area here where ruins from the ancient agora have been found. Houses, temples, baths and mosaics from different eras have been found here as well as the statue of Hippocrates. You can visit the Roman Villa, Casa Romana, which is a replica of an ancient Roman house open for visitors.

Asclepion is a must for those interested in ancient history. Here, the great temple of the god of medicine lie, and it dates back to the 4th century BC, but might be even older than that.

Kos has many small villages worth visiting, and it is a good idea to rent a vehicle and explore them on your own. Palio Pylio is a deserted village from Medieval times, where there are many interesting little churches and a kastro. In Asfendiou there are very old churches and the Kastro of the Knights of St. John. Kefalos used to be the capital, Astypalea, in ancient times, and there are excavations going on here. Kardamena has a Byzan-tine church dedicated to Ag Theodotas, in Antimachia there is a Venetian castle, Zia is built like an amphitheatre with many little churches and shops.

You get the best sunsets on the southern peninsula Moni Agiou Theologou.

What to Do: There are water sports on several of the beaches. Bubble Beach has natural wells which are said to be healing. There are several excursions offered and apart from going to various beaches, you can also take daytrips to Rhodes, Nissyros and Pserimos as well as to Turkey.

Beaches: The most popular beach on Kos is Paradise beach, a long, beautiful sandy beach. There are sun beds, water sports and is a good place for families with children. Other popular beaches are Tagaki, Mastihari, Lambi and also the beaches in Kardamena and Kefalos, which most surfers prefer. If you want to find a quiet beach it is best to look around on the west side.

Nightlife: You won't be disappointed if you want to party a lot during your holidays. Kos is reputed for being one of the best party islands, with many bars and clubs, as well as beachparties. Most of the bars are in Kos town, and the two most frequented streets the so called bar mile of Kos are Nafklirou and Diakonou streets, just next to the archaeological site.

Food: The local specialty is cheese baked with red wine called "Red Cheese". There is a wide range of taverns and restaurants, and you can get Greek as well as international food. Most places are in Kos town, but you'll also find many little taverns in the villages, as well as on several beaches.

Shopping: Because it is such a popular island, you'll be able to find all kinds of shops on Kos, especially in the town. Jewellery, ceramics, leather belts, sandals, clothes, textiles, embroideries, copies of ancient artworks, paintings, icons, local wine, honey and things for the beach and much, much more. A nice place to visit is the public market just before the entrance to the archaeological site. Around the square there are several public buildings with wonderful architecture and many nice cafeterias.

Getting Around: There are good bus connections to many of the villages and beaches, as well as taxis, cars and bicycles for rent as well as boats to many beaches. You can make the sightseeing round of the town of Kos with the small train that stops at the port, opossite the taxi staion. There are also daily cruises to Turkey, Pserimos and other islands.

Getting There: Kos has its own airport so you can get a direct flight. The island is also connected with the rest of the Dodecanese with ferries and Catamarans, as well as Mykonos, Paros, Lesvos, Samos, Chios, Tinos and Athens ,Piraeus and Alexandropoulis on the mainland. Every summer there are a lot of charter flights to Kos and many tourists uses those flights in order to go by boat to the near by islands of Kalymnos and Leros. There are also small ferries every day from Mastihari to Kalymnos.

Facts about Kos Phone numbers
Size: 295 sq. km International code: 0030
Population: about 22 000 Local code: 22420
Cash machine: Yes Port Police: 26594
Internet cafe: Yes, Police: 22222
Highest Mountain: Oros Dikeos, 875m Tourist Police: 24460, 26666
Airport: yes Bus company: 22292, 26276
Tour Operators: Argo, Apollo Tourist information: 26585
Hotel Association: Taxi: 23333, 27777
Airport telephone: 2242051255 Telephone company (OTE):